Water pollution is considered as one of the main threat to explain fish declines observed worldwide. Because of human activities, a large array of hazardous substances impairing aquatic organisms and leading to population disturbances are discharged into surface waters. Genotoxic compounds including pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons or heavy metals have been considered as hazardous substances inducing deleterious effects to exposed organisms, as well as progeny developmental defects.