Arsenic (As) is a highly toxic and carcinogenic metalloid that can cause serious health effects, including increased risk of cancers (e.g., skin, lung, bladder, and kidney), infant mortality, and reduced intellectual and motor function in children to populations chronically exposed to As-contaminated drinking water. Recent estimates suggest that in excess of 140 million people worldwide are drinking As-contaminated groundwater (i.e., As ≥ 10 µg kg-1), and the most severely affected region is the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna (GBM) delta in Bangladesh and India (i.e., Bengal Basin).
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